> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://magdalenaolak.gitbook.io/istqb-foundation-level/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://magdalenaolak.gitbook.io/istqb-foundation-level/1-fundamentals-of-testing.md).

# 1. Fundamentals of Testing

### Keywords 

coverage, debugging, defect, error, failure, quality, quality assurance, root cause, test analysis, test basis, test case, test completion, test condition, test control, test data, test design, test execution, test implementation, test monitoring, test object, test objective, test oracle, test planning, test procedure, test process, test suite, testing, testware, traceability, validation, verification 

### Learning Objectives for Fundamentals of Testing: 

#### 1.1 What is Testing? 

* FL-1.1.1 (K1) Identify typical objectives of testing 
* FL-1.1.2 (K2) Differentiate testing from debugging 

#### 1.2 Why is Testing Necessary? 

* FL-1.2.1 (K2) Give examples of why testing is necessary 
* FL-1.2.2 (K2) Describe the relationship between testing and quality assurance and give examples of how testing contributes to higher quality 
* FL-1.2.3 (K2) Distinguish between error, defect, and failure 
* FL-1.2.4 (K2) Distinguish between the root cause of a defect and its effects 

#### 1.3 Seven Testing Principles 

* FL-1.3.1 (K2) Explain the seven testing principles 

#### 1.4 Test Process 

* FL-1.4.1 (K2) Explain the impact of context on the test process 
* FL-1.4.2 (K2) Describe the test activities and respective tasks within the test process 
* FL-1.4.3 (K2) Differentiate the work products that support the test process 
* FL-1.4.4 (K2) Explain the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products 

#### 1.5 The Psychology of Testing 

* FL-1.5.1 (K1) Identify the psychological factors that influence the success of testing 
* FL-1.5.2 (K2) Explain the difference between the mindset required for test activities and the mindset required for development activities


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